IBRĀHĪM PASHA°

IBRĀHĪM PASHA°
IBRĀHĪM PASHA° (1789–1848), Muslim ruler of syria and palestine from 1832 to 1841, and later governor of egypt . Ibrahim was born in Kavalla, greece , the eldest son of muhammad (Mehemet) Ali. In 1831, on his father's instructions Ibrāhīm invaded Syria: Gaza, Jaffa, Jerusalem, and the region of Nablus yielded to him; Acre fell in 1832 after a long siege, and after it, Damascus and Aleppo. In every large city Ibrāhīm established a local council. He divided Palestine and Syria into administrative districts where he opened schools and conscripted an army of the native population. Ibrāhīm ameliorated the condition of Jews and Christians by abolishing the road tolls and by his efforts to equalize taxation of members of all religions, but he left the jizya (poll tax) on the protected peoples. The Ḥurvah synagogue of R. Judah he-Ḥasid which had been deserted and unfinished at Judah's death, was returned to the Ashkenazi Jews in 1836. Under the influence of the European Great Powers, in 1833 the sultan recognized Muhammad Ali's rights to Syria, and Ibrāhīm was appointed governor. During Ibrāhīm's rule in Syria, Jews enjoyed – along with Muslims and Christians – security of life and property. Furthermore, the jizya, previously levied from Jews and Christians only, was now imposed on Muslims, too. The Turks tried to reconquer the occupied territories; in the summer of 1839 they were defeated decisively near Nezib (i.e., Nizip, S. Turkey) but the European Powers intervened on their behalf. In late 1840 Ibrahim's army was stopped on the coast of Lebanon, when the British-Austrian fleet landed troops near beirut and defeated Ibrāhīm's weak and scattered troops. The pact of 1841 between Turkey and Muhammad Ali compelled Ibrāhīm to return to Egypt. -BIBLIOGRAPHY: M. Sabry, L'Empire égyptien sous Mohamed-Ali et la question d'Orient (1930), passim; P. Crabitès, Ibrahim of Egypt (1935). ADD. BIBLIOGRAPHY: J.M. Landau, Jews in Nineteenth-Century Egypt (1969), index. (Jacob M. Landau)

Encyclopedia Judaica. 1971.

Игры ⚽ Поможем сделать НИР

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Ibrahim Pasha — is the name of several political and military leaders from Turkey and the Arab World during the Ottoman era. These include (in chronological order):*Grand Vizier Pargalı İbrahim Pasha (? 1536), Suleyman the Magnificent s first appointed Grand… …   Wikipedia

  • Ibrahim Pasha — (1789–1848)    The eldest son of Mehmet Ali Pasha of Egypt and an Egyptian general, Ibrahim Pasha conducted largely successful campaigns against the Wahhabis in Arabia between 1816 and 1819. He fought against the Greeks, but the European… …   Encyclopedia of the Age of Imperialism, 1800–1914

  • Ibrahim Pasha — Ibrahim Pacha Ibrahim Pacha. Ibrahim Pacha (arabe : ابراهيم باشا) ‎(1789 – 10 novembre 1848) est un général égyptien, fils adoptif de Mehemet Ali, le vice roi d Égypte. Ibrahim a dirigé le pays de juillet au …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Ibrahīm Pasha — Ibrahim Pacha Ibrahim Pacha. Ibrahim Pacha (arabe : ابراهيم باشا) ‎(1789 – 10 novembre 1848) est un général égyptien, fils adoptif de Mehemet Ali, le vice roi d Égypte. Ibrahim a dirigé le pays de juillet au …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Ibrahim Pasha of the Milan — (? c. 1908)    Ibrahim Pasha (not to be confused with the famous Egyptian general of the same name who threatened the Ottoman Empire earlier in the 19th century) became chief of the Milan confederation in 1863 and quickly rebuilt it into a… …   Historical Dictionary of the Kurds

  • Ibrahim Pasha — /ib rddah heem pah shah/ 1789 1848, Egyptian general: governor of Syria 1833 40 (son of Mehemet Ali). * * * born 1789, Kavalla, Rumelia died Nov. 10, 1848, Cairo, Egypt Egyptian general. After helping train the new Egyptian army, he won military… …   Universalium

  • Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt — Infobox Monarch name =Ibrahim Basha title =Wāli of Egypt, Sudan, Palestine, Syria, Hejaz, Morea, Thasos, Crete caption = reign =2 March, 1848 – 10 November, 1848 native lang1 =Arabic native lang1 name1=إبراهيم باشا native lang2 =Turkish native… …   Wikipedia

  • Ibrāhīm Pasha — biographical name 1789 1848 Egyptian general & viceroy …   New Collegiate Dictionary

  • IBRAHIM PASHA —    viceroy of Egypt, son and successor of Mehemet Ali; appointed generalissimo of the Egyptian army, remodelled it after the French fashion; was leader of the Turks against the Greeks; gained several victories over them in 1828, but was obliged… …   The Nuttall Encyclopaedia

  • Ibrahim Pasha — /ib rddah heem pah shah/ 1789 1848, Egyptian general: governor of Syria 1833 40 (son of Mehemet Ali) …   Useful english dictionary

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”